NEGOTIATION SKILLS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exchange SKILLS - Essay Example This concise examination will work to address three primary inquiries with respect to exchange. They are as per the following: 1) Describing and offering exhortation with respect to the three primary concerns of the â€Å"Getting To Yes† model of exchange 2) examination and complexity of distributive/serious versus integrative/intrigue based dealing 3) Discussion of the success lose/win-win nature of arrangements and the impact that observation and desires host on the two gatherings included. Accordingly, this short investigation will endeavor to spread out, as most ideal as, a sort of rubric that will assist a person with handling arrangements in an educated and mindful way. Concerning the three purposes of counsel that were gathered from the book Getting to Yes Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In, the writers note that the three most amazing assets towards accomplishing a fruitful invalidation depend on the accompanying: 1) isolating the individuals from the difficult 2) concentrating on the interests not the position 3) developing choices for shared increase. As a rule in circumstances where contradictions/disputes/exchanges are occurring, it is phenomenally simple to quickly signify an issue, a thought, or a given perspective to an individual or gathering of people. Along these lines, the genuine issue comes no nearer to goals as gatherings included have credited extraordinarily close to home ascribes to every one of the viewpoints. All things considered, the individual hang ups that an individual or gathering of individuals may have with connection to another individual or gathering goes about as the principle obstruction towards accomplishing a domain agreeable to effective resolution2. Along these lines, the difficult itself (or snags) is limited as the characters that uphold the given view are amplified. Such activities make it troublesome if not difficult to progress in the direction of a goals. Along these lines, it is the job of the modera tor to look for, no matter what and consistently, comprehension of the issues as opposed to attempting to attribute them to a given gathering or person. The subsequent point bases on the way that the moderator must place accentuation on looking to characterize the interests of the individual gathering and not the issue. In spite of the fact that this can be comprehended a large number of various ways, maybe the most ideal approach to comprehend it is that the spotlight ought to be set on the positive and not the negative. In such a manner, as opposed to quickly coming to understanding that a focal negative exists, the gathering can concentrate positive and valuable energies on characterizing and further building up the separate interests that manage the places that are nearby. In conclusion, how it is encircled is in many cases a large portion of the fight. In a circumstance where a troublesome issue looks for goals, a redistribution of center such that attempts to amplify shared ad dition is as a rule one of the most effective ways towards uniting parties on purposes of understanding. In spite of the fact that this is a fundamental idea, it is one that is lost on numerous arrangements as people included build up a kind of limited focus on their ideal outcomes with little idea as to little badge of harmony contributions that could urge the opposite side to surrender some ground on a given thing or set of focuses. As for looking into distributive/serious versus integrative/intrigue based bartering, these principally vary concerning the thing that is being examined. For example, as the name suggests, distributive haggling is regularly

Pet food recall Essay Example for Free

Pet food review Essay An ongoing review over the United States and Canada has pet proprietors in free for all. In excess of 60 million jars and pockets of pet food have been reviewed as they have been connected to 10 feline and 6 canine passings as of late. The maker sells food under 95 distinct brands, including Wal-Mart, Iams, and Safeway. Starting at yet the particular fixing connected to the pet passings has not been resolved. Theory connects the liver disappointment of the felines to a wheat gluten fixing. The FDA said that wheat gluten itself would not cause liver disappointment, yet on the off chance that it was defiled with metal or form poisons it could cause liver harm. The CEO of menu nourishments, Paul Henderson gave an announcement saying, â€Å"Our hearts go out to the entirety of the pet proprietors across Canada, the United States and Mexico for any misfortunes they experience and absolutely for the concern this occurrence might be causing† (â€Å"Company behind pet†, 2007). Pet owner’s desires when purchasing pet food are to keep their pets upbeat, solid, and very much took care of. A large number of the items reviewed were produced under the best pet food names in the business. Pet proprietor Chris Wood says â€Å"We love our pets simply like kids. They are not cautious enough with the fixings they put in pet food. That’s scary† (Molina, 2007). Pet’s are friends that owner’s have a profound duty to think about. Suggestions brought about by this review incorporate concern for one’s pet, finding another brand of food not fabricated by menu nourishments, and in the more terrible case situation losing one’s pet to liver disappointment. The concern alone is requiring some serious energy and vitality from pet proprietors over the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Pet proprietors are restoring the reviewed food as well as are avoided potential risk that cost a great deal of cash to guarantee the security and prosperity of their pets. A veterinarian at the Animal Medical Center on the East Side of Manhattan, Dr. Ann Hohenhaus, said one feline kicked the bucket there throughout the few days of kidney disappointment connected to the reviewed food. Hohenhaus said the Animal Medical Center has tried 143 creatures for renal disappointment since stressed pet propriet ors began taking their felines and canines in for blood and pee tests on Saturday (March eighteenth, 2007)†(Mathews, 2007). Retailers are taking all measures to console pet proprietors. After the review â€Å"PetSmart senior supervisor Gary Brown stated, ‘Everything on our racks is 100 percent alright for your pet’(Molina, 2007). Petsmart is offering a full discount on all food bought between December 3-March 6. A Long Island family whose multi year old bull mastiff, Princess, kicked the bucket because of the review are suing Menu Foods. Princess ate only Nutro Foods every last bit of her life and died from liver disappointment. The family is totally crushed by their misfortune. The family recorded a claim â€Å"Wednesday against Nutro and maker Menu Foods. The claim, documented in state Supreme Court in Nassau County, looks for undefined compensatory and reformatory harms, said Bobbs lawyer, Kenneth Mollins†(Mathews, 2007). Regularly shoppers put a lot of research and energy into items they buy. At the point when a customer makes a buy they expected the maker is offering an item that will be good and satisfy guidelines. Menu nourishments switched to another provider for wheat gluten. As of the March 6, 2007 gave review Mend Foods has by and by changed its wheat gluten gracefully and is by and by loading racks with premium pet food. Menu Foods expects misfortunes of 24-60 million dollars for this review and claims that will win because of the defiled pet food.

Comparison Essay Topics Which Is Better For You

Comparison Essay Topics Which Is Better For YouIn the world of online college education the competition is fierce and everybody wants to win. You must understand that every student is not the same and they all have different writing styles and methodologies. So the best essay topic which is better for you could be the same as the best essay topic which might not be best for your classmate.In order to win a scholarship, you must write an essay that is ranked high by the selection committee for the scholarship which is what I would call the best essay topics which is better for you. But remember the committee does not want an essay that has an academic grade in it, but they are looking for a personal essay that talks about how the student and their family are doing and a little about the student's future goals. So, when you sit down to write you must start with an objective first and then you can look for the essay topics which is better for you.The key to winning a scholarship is to k now the best essay topics which is better for you and use this knowledge to your advantage. With a bit of research and forethought you will be well on your way to having the scholarship for yourself. You must know what type of essays they are looking for and what kind of essays are best suited for them.Since there are many scholarships available, it is a good idea to read about each one before you apply. Most schools will have a page on their website that will list the types of scholarships available. This is good because you can learn about what kind of scholarships are offered and which ones you can expect to get. Because if the school you are applying to doesn't have a scholarship page they are going to be very vague, is not a good place to start in the world of scholarship selection.The only downside to applying for scholarships is that it does take time to get the scholarship. Some scholarship applications are very specific and you have to submit the application in their partic ular format or else you won't be accepted. It is a good idea to begin your research as early as possible. Most colleges only accept one or two essays per application so make sure you are sure what type of essay you want to write.There are several very good essay and writing programs that are designed to help students with their writing and there are many opportunities to take advantage of these and choose great essay topics which is better for you. The process of selecting the perfect essay topics which is better for you is time consuming and complicated but once you have the right program you can get started with the selection process immediately.The reason why it is so difficult to write an essay for a scholarship is because there are so many different writing styles and methodologies. The individual who takes on the responsibility of writing the essay for the scholarship will be heavily involved in the composition and is not going to trust the student to write the essay completel y. This means that they will base their judgment on how the students write and so the important parts of the essay may not even be picked.The best essay topics which is better for you is the one that talks about your personality and the things that make you unique as a person. Choose a topic that has some sort of relevance to your life and be very honest and open in your essay.

Essay about Economic Conditions - 860 Words

To analyze an economy, certain statistics can be used to predict the economy’s future. This is important because it helps prepare people for prosperity or hard times. Certain indicators can be used to determine the future of aggregate demand and others can be used to determine aggregate supply. Using eight aggregate demand indicators and four aggregate supply indicators we developed a prediction for the economy in the near future. Changes in aggregate demand are reflected in changes of GDP. To find valuable indicators of the future aggregate demand is to find statistics that tell about change in the components of GDP (C+I+G+Nx). Aggregate supply is influenced by the costs of production to producers and the advent of new or better factors†¦show more content†¦In general, they are a good indicator of the economy and public sentiment for it. If people are confident in an economy, they will invest more in stocks, but if they are wary of an economies future, they are more likely to save their money. Stock prices have been falling after a year of record gains, indicating that the period of economic growth is either slowing or coming to an end. The Industrial Production Index is a good indicator of the I in GDP. This index will reflect growth for producers, whether they are making profits, and if new jobs are being created. After several years of steady increase, Industrial Production is down, hinting that a ggregate demand may soon be too. Unemployment is another indicator of aggregate demand. If unemployment is low, many people have jobs, and they will probably be spending, adding to GDP. Unemployment has been at a record low, but recent layoffs in the auto industry as well as other have driven that number up to 4.2 from 4.0. This is still a low figure, but if it continues to rise, that may impact GDP greatly. Disposable personal income reflects how much money people have to spend. Obviously, the more money someone has the more likely that person is to spend it. After many quarters of positive figures for real disposable personal income, those numbers have been dropping, even registering as negative in the last few months. Less income will mean less spending, a lower GDP, and aShow MoreRelatedCurrent Uk Economic Conditions1160 Words   |  5 PagesOrganization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). United Kingdom is a well developed country. It has a rich economy brought up by economies of its individual countries England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Landon which is the capital of UK and England is the most important financial center for international business and commerce. UK is one of the most important globalised countries of the world. GDP GDP, or Gross domestic product is a measure of a country s economic activity, namelyRead MoreEconomic, Monetary And Financial Conditions1955 Words   |  8 PagesEconomic, Monetary and Financial Conditions China An efficient economy is an economy where resources are allocated to serve every citizen in the best way so that there will be minimal waste and inefficiency within the economy. China is the short name for the country, but the real name is People’s Republic of China. China happens to be one of the economies that falls under an efficient economy because it has continued to improve other the past decades. â€Å"Over the past five years, economic freedomRead MoreThe Historical Conditions For Economic Development1627 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion A In the historical conditions for economic development, the change in development of countries has lead to enormous transformations of both political and social state. Why did China refuse between the year 1400 and 1980 only to re-build a major presence in the world economy? Why did Europe, an area separated by suffering and strife after the downfall of the Roman Empire, become the existence of modern economic growth? As experts on these two regions of the world, we make particular differencesRead MoreAssignment on Economic Condition of Bangladesh3697 Words   |  15 PagesASIAN UNIVERSITY OF BANGLADESH An Assignment On â€Å"Economic condition of Bangladesh† Course Title: Microeconomics Course code: BBA 1204 Submitted to Dr. Shamsul Islam Latifi Associate profesor, Dept. of Economics Asian University of Bangladesh Submitted By Md. Hasan Khan ID: 200920863 Batch: 36th Date of Submission 5th September, 2013 Letter of Transmittal Dr. Shamsul Islam Latifi Associate professor, Dept. of Economics Asian University of Bangladesh. Sub: Letter of Transmittal. DearRead MoreThe Impact Of Economic Condition Of A Business Organization1433 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluenced by the formation of economy. Economics is the fact that can establish or demolish a business. Changes of economic condition of a business organization are the main following factor. The increase of economic condition is the sign of business success. On the other hand a business organization can identify its failure by seeing the decrease of economic condition. Economics for business is related with the issues and problems regarding the economic strategies. The structure of an organizationRead MoreEconomic And Social Conditions On The Health Of People And Communities Essay1544 Words   |  7 Pagespoorer countries live shorter lives and this is directly related to the inequality. Unequally access to the healthcare, food, housing, education. Job that does not come with stress. 2. I think that economic and social conditions effect the health of people and communities. Economic and social conditions are resulted by the amount of money people have, by power, and by available resources and all of these are influenced by the policies. In short, if you are closer to the top of the chart, you are healthierRead MoreAnalysis Of The Fomc On Economic Conditions And Monetary Policy3046 Words   |  13 Pages Report to the FOMC on Economic Conditions and Monetary Policy April 2015 4/30/2015 B7251 - Group 3 Samar Al Sayyed Nicholas Blake-Knox Nisrin Hala Damian Rozo Munoz Raluca Tintoiu Jassen Trenkow (Chair) Mimi Vavilala â€Æ' Table of Contents Part 1: Summary of Current Economic and Financial Conditions 3 Labor Market 4 Inflation/CPI 7 Output/GDP 8 Housing Market 9 Consumer Confidence and Retail Sales 10 Consumer Credit 11 ISM 12 PPI 13 Durable Goods Orders 13 Industrial Production 14 Trade BalanceRead MoreCurrent Economic Conditions Of The United States Economy1963 Words   |  8 PagesCurrent Economic Conditions †¢ As previously stated in the executive summary, the United States’ economy is currently stagnating. From week to week we may see a rise in one indicator while there is a fall in another indicator, but none of the rises or falls are drastic enough to have an overwhelming impact on the economy as a whole. Although the economy is not near as strong as it was before the 2008-2009 recession, arguably one of the biggest economic crises of the past decade, there has beenRead MoreEconomic Conditions Applied For Farmers Bank Trust1392 Words   |  6 Pages ECONOMIC CONDITIONS APPLIED TO FARMERS BANK TRUST Junior Intersession Assignment #1 Kevin Huff SW Graduate School of Banking Class 59 Completion Date Farmers Bank Trust Texarkana, TX TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...i TABLE OF CONTENTS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ii INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...1 GLOBAL MACROECONOMIC SNAPSHOT AND FORECAST†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...2 MACROECONOMIC SNAPSHOT AND FORECAST†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. FORECAST†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreIntroduction And Literature Review : The Decline Of Economic Conditions881 Words   |  4 Pages1. Introduction Literature review The early 2000s recession was a drastic decline in economic conditions, which mainly occurred in the developed countries. From 2001, the Federal Reserve initiated a move to quell the stock market, caused successive inflation in interest rate, thus â€Å"plunging the country into† the worldwide economic recession (Ruddy, 2006). The annual GDP growth rate dropped below 1% along with the significant downturn in U.S. housing and the stock market. From 2002, the economy

A Brief Note On The Legislative And Public Policy - 840 Words

Individual or group’s purpose including the population, budget and policy priorities The purpose of the GNA Legislative and Public Policy Committee is to influence public and health policies through legislation to ensure efficient, equal and safe access to healthcare for all Georgia residents no matter their gender, race, age (newborn to elderly) or financial circumstances. Furthermore, the legislative committee has a stake to review any state or national legislation that may have a negative or positive impact on Georgia nurses and the public. The director continued to state that any legislative act that has the potential to cause harm, interfere with patient care, limit-nursing practice or that will significantly improve the patient’s quality of life is a priority and warrants the committee’s immediate attention. The professional lobbyists that GNA has at the Capitol are the ones that will help to notify the board of such legislative acts. Many would not think that nursing and politics would make good collaborators. However, nurses approach politi cs similar to developing a care plan for patients. We identify the problem, implement a plan and evaluate (PIE). The director of the legislative committee shared an analysis process used to establish policy priorities and to accomplish change. This process is discussed in Mason et al. (2014): (a) identify the problem; (b) list proposed solutions; (c) know the history or background of the previous challenges to resolveShow MoreRelatedThe European Council And The Council Of Ministers1345 Words   |  6 Pagesthis essay shall argue, they do not appear to be the most effective remedies in eliminating the democratic deficits at the heart of European integration. On another note, to perceive that the democracy in the EU can be ensured by any institution at the EU level would be a broad misstatement. The first section of this essay is a brief discussion of the constitutional incompetence of the European Council at providing democratic functions. Section two will shed light on the substantive and proceduralRead MoreSubstance Use Disorders ( Sud )1020 Words   |  5 Pagesuniversal screening known as Screening, Brief, Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) (Ohio Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services [OhioMHAS], 2016; SAMSHA, n.d.). Other strategies include; integration of primary care and behavioral health models, expanded access to medication-assisted treatment, and support use of prescription drug monitoring programs (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], 2015). According to the Surgeon General’s Health Policy report, Health Systems and SubstanceRead MoreSalvador Allende Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pagescrisis similar to many neighboring South American countries today such as Venezuela. Before Pinochet took up arms in Chile, it was ruled under a totalitarian marxist state run by President Salvador Allende who ruled from 1970-1973. Despite Allende’s brief 3 years in office, it was strikingly apparent that Allende had severely crippled Chile in only 3 years. Allende was responsible for generating extreme violence within Chile as Allende had Chilean military officials seize private property in rural zonesRead MoreUnderstand how health and safety legislation is implemented in the health and social care workplace1565 Words   |  7 Pagesimplemented in the health and social care workplace 1.2 1.3 In this assessment you will Task have the opportunity to No. present evidence that shows you are able to review systems, policies and 1 procedures for communicating information on health and safety in the health and social care workplace in accordance with legislative requirements Evidence (Page no) assess the responsibilities in 1 a specific health and social care workplace for the management of health and safety in relation to organisationalRead MoreCriminal Court : A Look At Prosecutorial Waivers846 Words   |  4 Pagesprosecutors. A brief history of how the waiver came about and an overview of the waiver process in its various forms are provided. As well as a study conducted in Michigan pertaining to the use of prosecutorial waiver statutes. The aim of this paper is to review the facts surrounding prosecutorial waivers and examine past and present reform methods for juvenile offenders. In addition, an examination of the intended goals of waiving juveniles to adult criminal court is important to note because theseRead MoreA Brief History Of Neoliberalism By David Harvey1265 Words   |  6 Pagesclasses. Coupled with business interests that change the policy-making process, governing has become increasingly unrepresentative of what a majority of Americans want out of their congressman. A shift to publicly funded elections will not only reduce the influence of big business in political campaigns and cons equently limit their influence in pushing policy. More importantly, the transition would allow people of diverse origins to run for public office and bring differing topics to the political sphereRead MoreThe Second Chapter : A Brief Survey Of The Aspects Of Russian Culture1517 Words   |  7 PagesThe second chapter is a brief survey of the aspects of Russian culture in 1762, the year Catherine rose to power. De Madariaga includes pictures of some members of Catherine’s cabinet to which she was especially close, including Count Chernychev, vice president of the College of War; Catherine’s son A.G. Bobrinskoy; A.V. Khrapovitsky, Catherine’s secretary; and the biggest portrait is of Prince Grigory Potemkin, the president of the College of War, and the person to whom Catherine constantly referredRead MoreAmerica s Miscegenation Anxiety And The State Of Virginia1383 Words   |  6 Pagesindividually, built legal barriers between blacks and whites in practically e very aspect of life. America’s miscegenation anxiety, very clearly documented in legislature, can also be found in social thought and theory. Indeed, Thomas Jefferson’s Notes On The State of Virginia must be thought of as one of the most important racialized texts in our national corpus, as it demonstrates, somewhat radically, the essential—which is to say unalterable-biological divisions between the races. Presenting itselfRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1613 Words   |  7 Pagesemployees based on the violation of drug-free workplace policies by using marijuana. As of 2016, twenty-eight states and the District of Columbia have enacted laws that legalize marijuana in some form (Rubin, 2016). Despite the fact that various state governments have legalized the use of marijuana, when it comes to federal law, it remains illegal. This has created discrepancies regarding drug-free workplace policies that mimic the federal policy enacted by Ronald Reagan in 1986 in Executive Order 1 2564Read MoreThe Historic Preservation Laws Of The Street Art1739 Words   |  7 Pagesuse and zoning, real property, taxation, local government, constitutional, and administrative.† Its purpose is to safeguard the historically important public property by implementing national, state, and local governments to regulate private property that is of substantial public interest and historic value. In this section I will deliver the brief history of the historical preservation law in federal, state and to local government legislations from the beginning until today. Thereupon, I will add

Customer Service Is A Quality Every Business Essay

Great customer service is a quality every business should hold high standards upon. Restaurants for example should have hosts waiting for guests to arrive at the door so they can be greeted and then seated in a timely manner. Also have servers bring silverware to the table, take correct orders and continue to take care of the diners until they leave. A business with excellent customer service will most likely get repeat business whereas poor customer service leads to losing their business. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the level of customer service given throughout the customer’s experience will affect their returning to the business. In 2015, one Friday afternoon after leaving a doctor’s appointment, my siblings and I decided to stop by IHOP on Manhattan Blvd. for a quick bite to eat. Upon entering the facility there was no one present at the host stand and we were standing there along with other customers waiting for over five minutes. Eventually one of the servers took notice of us and quickly came to seat us to a table. It was a busy afternoon and it seem that all the servers were overwhelmed, by the amount of customers they had to take care of, but nevertheless we were quickly greeted by an older lady named Samantha. She told us the special they were featuring for the day, but it was really hard to understand her since she was talking really fast. Samantha then took our drink orders and said she’ll be right back with them. As she said, our drinksShow MoreRelatedApplication Of A Business Owner1500 Words   |  6 PagesAs a business owner, one must carry a strong identity of your business with yo u all the time. Get quality Business Cards printed by a leading Melbourne printing company and introduce your brand. Take advantage of the customized cards and carry them with you all the time so that you do not miss even a single opportunity to impress the other. AM PM Printing business cards is a trusted name when it comes to Melbourne printing. Quality printed business cards If you own a business, then having theseRead MoreSample Resume : Small Business Management Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pages National Diploma in Business 5 Unit 1991 SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Produce establishment plans for small business ventures Name: Lovepreet Singh: Tutor: Mandeep Kaur Course: National Diploma Business Level 5 Student Id: A8710 Table of contents Explore and articulate business vision concepts 3 Formulate and communicate an ethical framework for business operations. 5 Identify means of fostering entrepreneurshipRead MoreCompare Contrast Paper of a Service vs Manufacturing Business1671 Words   |  7 Pagesthe world of business there are many different necessities. There needs to companies that special in service and others that specialize in manufacturing. 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Beauty salons are also like a temple; however, the difference is that we go to worship in the temple and in the beauty salon we go to be worshipped by the beauticians and by the otherRead MoreStrategic Plan Analysis1312 Words   |  6 Pagesthe course of Quality Management and Productivity MGT/449 Abstract Quicken Loans Has developed a systems of beliefs called ISMs; these ISMs are practiced by all employees in the process to provide the highest quality of service to all customers. Quicken Loans uses autocratic and paternalistic management styles to increase efficiency and effectiveness within the organization. Quicken Loans takes pride in providing high quality services to all customers by focusing on Total Quality Management. WithoutRead MoreBuying A Business And Marketer s Perspective Of Viewing1519 Words   |  7 Pages Every individual person is unique and different. How they were born and grew up in certain places truly affect their lifestyles, personalities, and even their emotions. 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There are a number of components of T.Q.M: 1) Internal relationships between workers and their superiors and subordinates are seen to be as important as the external relationships Read MoreCore Marketing And Product / Service Strategy Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagesc) Core marketing and product/service strategy Core marketing strategy: The business message Han Restaurant tries to deliver to the marketplace is it is not a fast food provider, instead it is a high quality and original food loving provider which can link its cooking process with the traditional chinse culture. The company aims to promote excitement and surprises for the customers, and authenticity of food cooking. Its marketing strategy includes: Business opens 7 days from 10am to 10pm exceptRead MoreCogeco Cable Canada 1292 Words   |  6 Pagesreputation for customer service has received a positive rating. Cogeco is a success because they take pride on customer relationships. Customers are at the heart in an enterprise, and what makes Cogeco so unique is its blend of tangible and intangible goods and services that are offered for its customers. Cogeco offers a wide variety of products and services that cater to the customer’s unique needs. They offer both their commercial and residential customers, both business partners and non-business

Deforestation in Indian free essay sample

The best known case of this is the Chipko movement in the Himalayas (Hegde, 1998; Weber, 1987). The villagers rallied together to save their forests by hugging the trees from the axe of the contractors who were issued licenses without the consent of the local people. Much earlier to this movement, though similar in its action is the story of the Bishnois in the desert state of Rajasthan (CSE 1984-85). The religious tenets of the community prevent them from causing any harm to any living thing. A few centuries ago a situation arose when the ruler ordered the cutting down of the trees of the area. The people of this community protested. They hugged the trees to protect them and in the process paid a very heavy price. The kings men ruthlessly chopped down the protesters before chopping down the trees. Even today the villages of the Bishnois are a pleasant sight where trees 76 IGES International Workshop grow all around inspite of the desert like environment and various animals like the endangered Blackbuck find freedom and safety in a peoples sanctuary. We will write a custom essay sample on Deforestation in Indian or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition, across the country there are innumerable sacred groves (Gadget, 1975; Gadget and Vartak, 1976; Induchoodan, 1991; WWF, 1996); patches of forests that have had a sacredness and sanctity attached to them for centuries. Often it is a forest dedicated to the local deity and in many places like in the western ghats these remain the only surviving examples of the rich and virgin forests that once clothed the mountains. More recently we come across the well-documented cases where communities are taking the initiative in protecting their forests. For instance Jardhar (Kothari, 1995) is a village in the Garhwal Himalayas about 12 hours drive away from New Delhi. Here the village has come together on its own initiative to protect the forests on the hills around their village. With the help of the Delhi based environmental group Kalpavriksh they have even prepared a community register of their biological, ecological and environmental knowledge. Additionally they have a Beej Bachao Andolan (Save the seeds campaign) wherein the villagers have taken it upon themselves to save the great agricultural diversity of their area and have started a seed bank on their own. Similar is the case in the Alwar district of Rajasthan where the coordinated action of a series of villages; protecting the forests, preventing grazing, tree cutting, and building a series of small bunds across the water streams has actually brought the river Arvari back to life (Patel, 1997). The river which had over the years turned into a seasonal stream now once again flows perennially. Enthused by the initiative of the villagers the government too responded positively and schemes like those under Joint Forestry Management are being implemented in the area.

Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor free essay sample

Recently the spotlight has been set on renewable energies to assist with weaning off of greenhouse gas emissions, solving issues with energy independence, and to exploit their inherent renewability. Unfortunately our technology is not quite up to speed economically with our wish to rely completely on renewable energy, thus many non- renewable energies are recognized as viable options to power our economy (Fraser, 2011). The United States current position on diversifying with non-renewables onsists of oil, natural gas, coal, and the less spoken of, nuclear power. Nuclear power is the process by which a reactor contains a slow explosion called fission, which gives Offa positive net amount of energy that can be harvested. Of course the social stigma around nuclear is so strong that even if there were an undiscovered completely safe type of nuclear power plant, Justifying the complex science would be challenging. After events such as Fukushima, Chernobyl, and Three Mile Island, the vast majority of society believes nuclear energy is nothing more than a death wish. We will write a custom essay sample on Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Contrary to popular belief, a safer alternative in nuclear energy has been discovered and has been gaining popularity over the past few years despite the recent tragedy in Japan (Sorensen, 2011). Though newly rekindled, the non-mainstream nuclear power known as Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) was discovered in the 1960s and had been proved to be a very attractive option to the more popular Light Water Reactor (LWR). It all began with nuclear physicist Alvin Weinberg, who would graduate from the University of Chicago soon become research director at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Weinberg was given the freedom to experiment with designing multiple types of nuclear reactors including the prominent LWRs that are in commercial use today. Subsequently Weinberg had noted the potential danger of a LWR and moved on to designing a safer nuclear power technology that he would end up supporting for the rest of his life. His research team at ORNL created a fluid fuel in a MSR, opposed to the traditional solid fuel in LWRs, in order to decrease the pressure and overall danger of the system. To Weinbergs delight, although this rototype MSR had corrosive issues because of the salt involved, Weinberg deemed this technology far more superior to LWR. Furthermore, the worst part about current hatred for LWRs is that although it can be a dangerous process, the technology is revolutionary and its power has potential that we are seriously unaware of. For now with our current state of knowledge about nuclear power combined with our worlds predicament with how we generate power so ineffectively, MSRs must be and should have always been the governments number one priority (Sorensen, 2011). This pecific type of nuclear reactor is certainly on the minds of at least China, India, Brazil, Indonesia, South Korea, and Australia (Furukawa, 2008). Since these countries showed interest at least by 2008 it can be assumed that they are already in the process of construction. An example for our worst-case scenario would be for the United States to simply stand back and watch as the rest ot the world capi talizes on the best power generating technology known to man. A technology that of course the United States developed and had in operation fifty years ago, but the idea simply aded away. As the majority of the US would like to go green, it may not be too early to claim the MSR as green nuclear power. Nuclear reactors do not emit greenhouse gases taking care of one of the three major concerns with the future of energy. Though observing an entire life cycle of Thorium and materials to make the power plant, there are transportation emissions involved. It turns out however, that Thorium is extremely accessible in the US as it is already mined concurrently with other rare earth minerals but is typically discarded for lack of utility. The United States has omewhere in the order of 15% of the worlds total Thorium stockpile at around 15 million tons (Bonometti, 2008). Even if we were to run out of Thorium, the Moon has even greater amounts that by the time we begin to hit peak Thorium it will surely be so far in the future that extracting moon materials would not be a challenge. As an investor this further assures a safe bet, but what is so safe about the LFTR design is that a meltdown or explosion is so much more unlikely to occur than in LWR systems. Since the carrier of thorium is a liquid, liquid fluoride, it allows standard pressure at igh temperatures. Traditionally, in LWR, water had to cool down the solid fuel since it couldnt handle the high temperatures because of high pressure, which had always been a fine line behind meltdowns (Sorensen, 2011). In the LFTR, the system can naturally correct an over heated system by melting a frozen salt plug at the base of the system to enter into an emergency cooling tank. If LFTR technology has already been proved, proved to be safe, proved to be powerful, and proved to be available and cheap, then why doesnt the world run on it? The technology itself seems to be a it mysterious itself or maybe doubtful since it has already been ignored once before. What it comes down to is the timescale that nuclear reactors had been created. Back at Oak Ridge Laboratory where Weinberg had designed nuclear power he first designed the LWR, which happened to be more dangerous, but nevertheless reported his results. Quickly academics and politicians alike were astounded by the amount of power that could be generated through nuclear fission. Academics such as Weinberg understood the dangerous design of the LWR and proceeded to design afer alternatives, hence the MSR. Politicians on the other hand, had deadlines to meet, people to please, Jobs to create, and the LWR went commercial. There is even a specific phone call between President Nixon and a California LWR director expressing swift actions to commercialize the technology before elections (Sorensen, 2011). As Weinberg fought the Nixon administration to stop continuing with LWRs he was soon fired from the Oak Ridge Lab and so did the MSR department. Thus many scientists have since seen and admired his work and have finally had reason to express its arious benefits once the inevitable failures of LWR ensued, for example, Fukushima. In addition, it is important to note how resultant issues with LWR nuclear plants in the past have all been due to the intrinsic difficulty with handling a solid fuel at its required high pressure for fission to take place. In other words, none of those accidents would have happened if they would have simply listened to their founder, Weinberg, and chose to go with an MSR design. As the public is informed with this somewhat difficult science I imagine it will take about as long to understand the itterence in types ot nuclear reactors as it did tor the majority ot the population to understand the science behind the greenhouse effect. This is based on the fact that the same oil and coal industries will be threatened along with ill-educated environmentalists who will viciously support only renewable energy.

Multivariate Econometrics Problems and Excel

Multivariate Econometrics Problems and Excel Most economics departments require second or third year undergraduate students to complete an econometrics project and write a paper on their findings. Years later I remember how stressful my project was, so Ive decided to write the guide to econometrics term papers that I wish I had when I was a student. I hope that this will prevent you from spending many long nights in front of a computer. For this econometrics project, Im going to calculate the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) in the United States. (If youre more interested in doing a simpler, univariate econometrics project, please see How to Do a Painless Econometrics Project) The marginal propensity to consume is defined as how much an agent spends when given an extra dollar from an additional dollars personal disposable income. My theory is that consumers keep a set amount of money aside for investment and emergency, and spend the rest of their disposable income on consumption goods. Therefore my null hypothesis is that MPC 1. Im also interested in seeing how changes in the prime rate influence consumption habits. Many believe that when the interest rate rises, people save more and spend less. If this is true, we should expect that there is a negative relationship between interest rates such as the prime rate, and consumption. My theory, however, is that there is no link between the two, so all else being equal, we should see no change in the level of the propensity to consume as the prime rate changes. In order to test my hypotheses, I need to create an econometric model. First well define our variables: Yt is the nominal personal consumption expenditure (PCE) in the United States.X2t is the nominal disposable after-tax income in the United States. X3t is the prime rate in the U.S. Our model is then: Yt b1 b2X2t b3X3t Where b 1, b 2, and b 3 are the parameters we will be estimating via linear regression. These parameters represent the following: b1 is the amount the level of PCE when nominal disposable after-tax income (X2t) and the prime rate (X3t) are both zero. We do not have a theory about what the true value of this parameter should be, as it holds little interest to us.b2 represents the amount PCE rises when the nominal disposable after-tax income in the United States rises by a dollar. Note that this is the definition of the marginal propensity to consume (MPC), so b2 is simply the MPC. Our theory is that MPC 1, so our null hypothesis for this parameter is b2 1.b3 represents the amount PCE rises when the prime rate increases by a full percent (say from 4% to 5% or from 8% to 9%). Our theory is that changes in the prime rate do not influence consumption habits, so our null hypothesis for this parameter is b2 0. So we will be comparing the results of our model: Yt b1 b2X2t b3X3t to the hypothesized relationship: Yt b1 1*X2t 0*X3t where b 1 is a value that does not particularly interest us. To be able to estimate our parameters, well need data. The excel spreadsheet Personal Consumption Expenditure contains quarterly American Data from the 1st quarter of 1959 to the 3rd quarter of 2003. Â  All data comes from FRED II - The St. Louis Federal Reserve. Its the first place you should go for U.S. economic data. After youve downloaded the data, open up Excel, and load the file called aboutpce (full name aboutpce.xls) in whatever directory you saved it in. Then continue to the next page. Be Sure to Continue to Page 2 of How to Do a Painless Multivariate Econometrics Project Weve got the data file open we can start to look for what we need. First we need to locate our Y variable. Recall that Yt is the nominal personal consumption expenditure (PCE). Quickly scanning our data we see that our PCE data is in Column C, labeled PCE (Y). By looking at columns A and B, we see that our PCE data runs from the 1st quarter of 1959 to the final quarter of 2003 in cells C24-C180. You should write these facts down as youll need them later. Now we need to find our X variables. In our model we only have two X variables, which are X2t, disposable personal income (DPI) and X3t, the prime rate. We see that DPI is in the column marked DPI (X2) which is in Column D, in cells D2-D180 and the prime rate is in the column marked Prime Rate (X3) which is in column E, in cells E2-E180. Weve identified the data we need. We can now compute the regression coefficients using Excel. If you are not restricted to using a particular program for your regression analysis, Id recommend using Excel. Excel is missing a lot of the features a lot of the more sophisticated econometrics packages use, but for doing a simple linear regression it is a useful tool. Youre much more likely to use Excel when you enter the real world than you are to use an econometrics package, so being proficient in Excel is a useful skill to have. Our Yt data is in cells E2-E180 and our Xt data (X2t and X3t collectively) is in cells D2-E180. When doing a linear regression we need every Yt to have exactly one associated X2t and one associated X3t and so on. In this case we have the same number of Yt, X2t, and X3t entries, so were good to go. Now that we have located the data we need, we can calculate our regression coefficients (our b1, b2, and b3). Before continuing you should save your work under a different filename (I chose myproj.xls) so if we need to start over we have our original data. Now that youve downloaded the data and opened Excel, we can go onto the next section. In the next section we calculate our regression coefficients. Be Sure to Continue to Page 3 of How to Do a Painless Multivariate Econometrics Project Now onto the data analysis. Go to the Tools menu on the top of the screen. Then find Data Analysis in the Tools menu. If Data Analysis is not there, then youll have to install it. To install the Data Analysis Toolpack see these instructions. You cannot do regression analysis without the data analysis toolpack installed. Once youve selected Data Analysis from the Tools menu youll see a menu of choices such as Covariance and F-Test Two-Sample for Variances. On that menu select Regression. The items are in alphabetical order, so they shouldnt be too hard to find. Once there, youll see a form that looks like this. Now we need to fill this form in. (The data in the background of this screenshot will differ from your data) The first field well need to fill in is the Input Y Range. This is our PCE in cells C2-C180. You can choose these cells by typing $C$2:$C$180 into the little white box next to Input Y Range or by clicking on the icon next to that white box then selecting those cells with your mouse. The second field well need to fill in is the Input X Range. Here we will be inputting both of our X variables, DPI and the Prime Rate. Our DPI data is in cells D2-D180 and our prime rate data is in cells E2-E180, so we need the data from the rectangle of cells D2-E180. You can choose these cells by typing $D$2:$E$180 into the little white box next to Input X Range or by clicking on the icon next to that white box then selecting those cells with your mouse. Lastly well have to name the page our regression results will go on. Make sure you have New Worksheet Ply selected, and in the white field beside it type in a name like Regression. When thats completed, click on OK. You should now see a tab on the bottom of your screen called Regression (or whatever you named it) and some regression results. Now youve got all the results you need for analysis, including R Square, coefficients, standard errors, etc. We were looking to estimate our intercept coefficient b1 and our X coefficients b2, b3. Our intercept coefficient b1 is located in the row named Intercept and in the column named Coefficients. Make sure you jot these figures down, including the number of observations, (or print them out) as you will need them for analysis. Our intercept coefficient b1 is located in the row named Intercept and in the column named Coefficients. Our first slope coefficient b2 is located in the row named X Variable 1 and in the column named Coefficients. Our second slope coefficient b3 is located in the row named X Variable 2 and in the column named Coefficients The final table generated by your regression should be similar to the one given at the bottom of this article. Now youve got the regression results you need, youll need to analyze them for your term paper. We will see how to do that in next weeks article. If you have a question youd like answered please use the feedback form. Regression Results Observations Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Intercept X Variable 1 X Variable 2 -13.71941.4186-9.67080.0000-16.5192-10.9197

Retirement Awareness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Retirement Awareness - Essay Example Early health problems often result in an early exodus from the professional arena. Larry: I decided to retire early in 2003. I had formed a consulting service named Benyshek and Hough Consulting Services Inc. The services provided by our firm are management of dataset and develop into readily-accessible form to be used by cattle production forms, commercial producers, breeders, feedlots, and packing plants. We provide the expertise in EPDs, ultrasound and all areas of animal breeding and genetics. The consultation service needed full time work in the firm and I considered early retirement from the office. Larry: I did not receive any training especially on retirement but I have gathered some information from my old colleagues who talked about it generally. The topic is of common interest to all employees and therefore I got lots of information and awareness on it. I understood the importance of retirement planning and saving money for retirement. I was aware of pension scheme of the university and started saving for the future. Larry: Yes. I am very much comfortable. I enjoyed my life while working as University Professor where I had the opportunity to write numerous Articles and made countless presentations on my subject and received international recognition. I am still working on my own and have no financial problems. Larry: Yes, although I have retired as a university professor but I am still working as private consultant. I am fully enjoying my time with my colleagues and family. Retirement relieves you from the hectic routines of professional life. At the same time it gave me an opportunity to spend some time with my family and kids for which I have longed all my life. This is certainly a relaxing experience with no liabilities and work pressure. All I do is have a nice time and look after my private business which is going pretty well for me. Larry: I am regular visitor of Church and participate in social activities of

Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Poetry - Essay Example The poem â€Å"God’s Will for You and Me† by an unknown author seems to be written for the gentle of spirit, almost childlike in its’ innocence. The dominant theme running throughout is one of goodness. In an effort to impress upon the reader the importance of being a good person in order to carry out God’s will, the author hopes to set an example of ways to be to do so. The ending few lines impart to us a way to be faithful to his will itself. The mood is both cheerful and hopeful, as the reader may be inspired to act in such a way as to find favor with the Lord. Love he states should be the daily motivating influence. The Title â€Å"God’s Will for You and Me† is itself the message throughout the poem and is significant because of what it represents. It is quite a feat to live by God’s Will and the poem is daring in its’ desire to impress upon us the necessity of doing so. The motif throughout is further amplified by the sweetness of what is being said and by the many literary devices the author uses. The definitive stance the author has adopted is a way of being good in order to carry out God’s will. The mental and emotional disposition of goodness lends itself to an atmosphere with the same feeling. We feel gentle and sweet when reading it because of the sentiment so ably illustrated with the choice of words. The tone achieved is instrumental in evoking an appropriate inspirational feeling from the reader. We are compelled to act accordingly after imbuing the essence of the innocent sentiments expressed. The poem seems to be written almost as a stream of consciousness with an uninterrupted flow of thoughts and ideas. Here we see the author’s thinking process as a unified idea carried out. Flowing from one thought to the next, we see illustrated a number of ways we can model ourselves and our actions to carry out god’s will. Being â€Å"gentle and kind†, â€Å"merciful and mild† and â€Å"just to be cheery when things go wrong† are all things we can aspire to. The poem reads as a narrative of the author’s thoughts instead of a dialogue with the reader. A feeling of verisimilitude is created as we listen to the lofty ideals expressed in the poem. The lines are stated so matter of factly as to be true. They are structured as sentiments but sound almost like commands. With the influence of God written into the piece we can trust that this is the way to be. It seems to be an allegory for a grander concept. Simply stated, each line and sentiment sp eaks to us of being good. Gentle, kind, merciful, all speak to us about the teachings of the church. As we read the examples of good behavior we can sense the higher aspirations we can ascribe to. In hoping to carry out God’s will we can all benefit ourselves by living our lives in such a way. It is further stated that this is the way God wants us to be and we the devout can take comfort in this, hoping to be pleasing to the Lord. Rhyme and Rhyme Scheme â€Å"God’s Will for You and Me† is written in such an innocent way and almost seems to be addressed to a child. With the use of alliteration it has the quality of a nursery rhyme in both the internal rhyme and the rhyme scheme. It is actually a sonnet. Sonnets are often sweet

EC Law Essay Example for Free

EC Law Essay Part A Sonja is a temporary farm labourer of 16 years old. In the summer of 2005 she was hospitalized with sunburn got from working in the field without adequate UV protection according to the â€Å"Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work† Directive adopted by the EC. The Directive provides that the Member States should ensure â€Å"Sunblock and Sunglasses† to â€Å"workers in outdoor activities† within the meaning of the Directive. According to the independent arbitration scheme with employers set up with the approval of the Government by the Finnish Farm Labourers Union, Sonja, has brought her claim before the Arbitrator. Her claim requires that the Arbitrator interpret the â€Å"Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work† Directive. The Arbitrator considers that Sonja’s claim should be dismissed because she is not a â€Å"worker† according to his interpretation of the Directive, but merely an â€Å"apprentice† who does not qualify for legal protection. As provided in the independent arbitration scheme the decisions of the Arbitrator are legally binding and there is no right to appeal. According to the rules of procedure established by the instituting treaties of the European Communities for the Court of Justice of the European Communities, the Court’s jurisdiction is automatically mandatory in the areas expressly provided by the Treaties. There is no need for the Member States to accept this competence which means that the Court can be authorized by only one party, even against Member States. This also means that in the attributed domains by the treaties its competence is exclusive compared to any other jurisdiction. Article 234[1] (ex Article 177) from the consolidated Treaty establishing the European Community provides that: „The Court of Justice shall have jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings concerning: (a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the interpretation of this Treaty; (b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the validity and interpretation of acts of the institutions of the Community and of the ECB; (c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the interpretation of the statutes of bodies established by an act of the Council, where those statutes so provide. Where such a question is raised before any court or tribunal of a Member State, that court or tribunal may, if it considers that a decision on the question is necessary to enable it to give judgment, request the Court of Justice to give a ruling thereon. Where any such question is raised in a case pending before a court or tribunal of a Member State, against whose decisions there is no judicial remedy under national law, that court or tribunal shall bring the matter before the Court of Justice.† In the case of Sonja, because the independent arbitration scheme set up between the Finnish Farm Labourers Union and the employers is conducted with the approval of the Government, to settle disputes regarding pay and conditions of work we can assimilate the Arbitrator with a court of law. The Arbitrator has an exclusive competence in this field. Moreover, he meets the requirements set up in the last provision of the Article 234, as set forth, because his decisions are legally binding and there is no right to appeal. This institutes an obligation upon the Arbitrator that whenever he has to interpret any act of one of the institutions of the Community he should raise a case before the Court of Justice of the European Communities. Therefore, before interpreting the provisions of the â€Å"Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work† Directive on the meaning of â€Å"worker† within the said act, the Arbitrator should have brought recourse in interpretation before the Court of Justice of the European Communities. The conditions for such recourse, as provided in the Article 234, are that: there has to be an open case brought before a national form of jurisdiction that has to request the Court, asking for the interpretation of an act of one of the institutions of the Communities. Because the Arbitrator did not open such recourse before the Court of Justice of the European Communities, Sonja has grounds for dismissal of his decision in front of a higher Finnish court of law through an extraordinary procedure. The dismissal can be decided only on procedural issues and not on the merits of the case because the decisions of the Arbitrator are not subject to appeal. In general, international jurisdictions are only competent to try states. They can not be used as a legal remedy by natural persons. However, the Court of Justice of the European Communities is accessible not only to the member states of the European Communities, but also, in very strict conditions to individuals, natural and legal persons. This provides Sonja with, yet, another alternative for her case. She can bring an annulment recourse before the Court. The annulment recourse is the possibility of the states, institutions of the Communities and natural and legal persons to challenge in front of the Court   a mandatory act issued either by the Council or by the Commission, and to be granted in certain conditions the annulment of the act. This is a way to control EU acts and their conformity with the instituting treaties. The provisions of the Rome Treaties show that there can be subjected to this form of recourse acts that are mandatory like directives and regulations, and in certain situations even decisions.   Article 230[2] (ex Article 173) of the consolidated Treaty establishing the European Community provides that: â€Å"The Court of Justice shall review the legality of acts adopted jointly by the European Parliament and the Council, of acts of the Council, of the Commission and of the ECB, other than recommendations and opinions, and of acts of the European Parliament intended to produce legal effects vis-à  -vis third parties. It shall for this purpose have jurisdiction in actions brought by a Member State, the European Parliament, the Council or the Commission on grounds of lack of competence, infringement of an essential procedural requirement, infringement of this Treaty or of any rule of law relating to its application, or misuse of powers. The Court of Justice shall have jurisdiction under the same conditions in actions brought by the European Parliament, by the Court of Auditors and by the ECB for the purpose of protecting their prerogatives. Any natural or legal person may, under the same conditions, institute proceedings against a decision addressed to that person or against a decision which, although in the form of a regulation or a decision addressed to another person, is of direct and individual concern to the former. []† Usually, individuals are allowed to bring actions before the Court only in reference to regulations which directly apply to them and directly breach their rights. However, proceedings can be brought regarding a directive in situations in which it has the same effects on the individual.   The â€Å"Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work† Directive directly infringes Sonja’s right to adequate protection for the type of labour she is doing and for the conditions in which she works by limiting the notion of â€Å"worker† to which it applies. With this limitation the Directive breaches the substantial provisions of the Treaty establishing the European Community. Regarding work, Article 13 of the Treaty provides that: â€Å"1.     Without prejudice to the other provisions of this Treaty and within the limits of the powers conferred by it upon the Community, the Council, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and after consulting the European Parliament, may take appropriate action to combat discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.†[3] Therefore the principle of the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of age is laid down by an instituting treaty. It bears no difference that Sonja is only sixteen. She should not be discriminated against for this reason and not be considered as a â€Å"worker† under the Directive. The term â€Å"worker† is also described in many EU acts, including in the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Communities. The notion is wide and non-discriminatory, especially when considering a persons rights or the breach of these rights. â€Å"26. In accordance with the Courts case-law, the concept of worker, within the meaning of Article 48 of the Treaty and of Regulation No 1612/68, has a specific Community meaning and must not be interpreted narrowly. Any person who pursues activities which are real and genuine, to the exclusion of activities on such a small scale as to be regarded as purely marginal and ancillary, must be regarded as a worker. The essential feature of an employment relationship is, according to that case-law, that for a certain period of time a person performs services for and under the direction of another person in return for which he receives remuneration[4]† Moreover, the restriction on the term â€Å"worker† is in direct violation with the Directive No. 33 of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young people at work which applies to persons under 18 and provides that they should have suitable work conditions, â€Å"measures necessary to protect the safety and health of young people[5]†. In conclusion, the limitation of the notion of â€Å"worker† from the â€Å"Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work† Directive that prevents Sonja, because of her age and because she is a temporary worker to benefit from the proper work protection, is in direct violation of the instituting treaties, the principles on which the EU is based, the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Communities and basic human rights. This provides Sonja, although she is a natural person, with the active legal quality to bring recourse in annulment before the Court due to what she has suffered from the effects of this act. Part B The joined cases of Bernard Keck and Daniel Mithouard were brought before the Court of Justice of the European Communities as a reference under Article 177 of the EEC Treaty[6] by the Tribunal de Grande Instance (Regional Court) from Strasbourg (France), for a preliminary ruling in the criminal proceedings pending before the tribunal against the two. The Tribunal de Grande Instance has asked the Court of Justice of the European Communities to give an interpretation of the rules of the EEC Treaty relating to competition and freedom of movement within the Community. The Court has found that â€Å"Article 30 of the EEC Treaty is to be interpreted as not applying to legislation of a Member State imposing a general prohibition on resale at a loss†[7]. In the decisions of Keck and Mithouard the Court institutes certain principles regarding the measures that can be taken by states. Such a principle is the one stating that: â€Å"national measures which limit or prohibit ‘certain sales practices’ do not fall within the scope of Article 30[8], so long as they are applied to all those operating within the national territory and that they affect in exactly the same way, both in law and in practice, the marketing of national products and those originating from other Member States†[9]. The Court of Justice of the European Communities has subsequently interpreted the decisions in the cases of Keck and Mithouard on the matter of advertising, especially the vague formulation: â€Å"selling arrangements†. The decisions were applied and interpreted in connection to the way producers are able to market their goods and to the marketing strategies used by them. However, the two cases were exceptional interpretations of the Article 28, due to the circumstances and should have been regarded as such. On the contrary, this interpretation was widely extended by the Court. The extension has brought about the possibility of member states to impose certain restrictions in advertising. These restrictions were thought by the Court to be outside the scope of Article 28. Such measures cover fields like: â€Å"TV advertising and sponsorship of programmes aimed at children below the age of 12 being prohibited[10]† in Sweden, the advertising of toys in Greece which is time restricted, banns referring to certain kinds of toys in Germany and Denmark and so on. Goods that are considered â€Å"sensitive† are also subjected to banns even at an EU level. As an example there is the ‘Television Without Frontiers’ (TVWF) Directive in which there is stated that children should not have easy access to advertising for goods such as cigarettes and alcohol. Cases were brought before the Court with regards to such measures. Some decisions given by the Court find basis on its previous Keck and Mithouard decisions: â€Å"With respect to the free movement of goods (Article 30) the Court recognised that the ban on advertising could affect the free movement of the products advertised. It then referred to the Keck-Mithouard jurisprudence and ruled that a Member State could apply such restrictions if they were shown to affect in the same way, ‘in law and in fact’, the marketing of domestic products and of those from other Member States; were necessary for meeting overriding requirements of general public importance or one of the aims laid down in Article 36 of the EC Treaty; were proportionate for that purpose and that those aims could not be met by less restrictive measures†[11].   In conclusion, bans of advertising are considered to be in accordance with the Article 28 when they affect in the same way the marketing of the domestic products and that of the products from other Member States, they are necessary for requirements of general public importance and when less restrictive measures could not have been applied. Thus, the Court institutes the principle of proportionality that applies even if the ban has more serious effects on goods coming from other states than on national ones. Any state restrictions of the â€Å"selling arrangements†Ã‚   automatically affect access to the market contrary to what the Court has considered in the cases of Keck and Mithouard.   It is of course true that such restrictions provided in a non-discriminatory way do not infringe of the free movement of goods, but they do affect trade. Measures taken by states have to be â€Å"uncertain† and â€Å"indirect†, for them to fall outside the scope of the Article 28 and be regarded as breaches of the free movement of goods. The Keck case institutes a kind of presumption that certain measures taken by states, that fall under a certain category should be regarded as â€Å"uncertain† and â€Å"indirect† and therefore outside the scope of Article 28. This presumption is damaging in some cases. The measures should be analyzed according to the merits of each individual case and the effects they have in that particular case. Therefore, I believe that the cases of Keck and Mithouard affect the balance between state responsibilities and the free movement of goods. Bibliography: Consolidated Version of the Treaty Establishing the European Community (2002), Official Journal C325, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at:   http://www.europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/en/treaties/dat/12002E/htm/12002E.html Brian Francis Collins v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions (23 March 2004); Judgment of the Court (Full Court);Case C-138/02; European Court reports 2004 Page I-02703, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at: http://www.europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/Notice.do?val=287581:cslang=enlist=391912:cs,287581:cs,341893:cs,287498:cs,278038:cs,277710:cs,269338:cs,264078:cs,250808:cs,247148:cs,pos=2page=1nbl=18pgs=10hwords=work~worker~checktexte=checkboxvisu=#texte Criminal proceedings against Bernard Keck and Daniel Mithouard (24 November 1993); Judgment of the Court;   Joined cases C-267/91 and C-268/91, European Court reports 1993 Page I-06097, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at:   http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:61991J0267:EN:HTML#DI    Council Directive 94/33/EC of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young people at work, Official Journal L 216 , 20/08/1994 P. 0012 – 0020,   Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at: http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31994L0033:EN:HTML Lolivier, Marc (January 1998), The De Agostini ruling and advertising regulation, Commercial Comunications Newsletter, Edition 10,   Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at: http://europa.eu.int/comm/internal_market/comcom/newsletter/edition10/page04_en.htm Stanbrook, Lionel ( October 1997), Childrens advertising, consumer protection and the country of origin principle, Commercial Comunications Newsletter, Edition 09, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at: http://europa.eu.int/comm/internal_market/comcom/newsletter/edition09/page18_en.htm Statute of the Court of Justice (November 2005), Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at:   http://curia.eu.int/en/instit/txtdocfr/txtsenvigueur/statut.pdf Þorvaldsson,   Bjà ¶rn (2002), Keck and Mithouard,   Master Thesis, Master of European Affairs Programe, Law, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at: http://www.jur.lu.se/Internet/english/essay/Masterth.nsf/0/585A26471860B6F6C1256BCD00730AAF/$File/xsmall.pdf?OpenElement Mollers, Thomas M.J. (February 2005), EuGH, Rs. C-405/98 v. 8.3.2001 Gourmet International Products, Faculty of Law, Augsburg University, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at: http://www.jura.uni-augsburg.de/prof/moellers/materialien/materialdateien/050_eugh_entscheidungen/eugh_1998_405_gourmet_international_products_en/ Competitive Federalism and Market Access in the EU, Jean Monet Center, NYU School of Law, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at:   http://www.jeanmonnetprogram.org/papers/01/012701-04.html [1]   Treaty establishing the European Community, Art. 234 [2] idem, Art 230 [3] idem, Art. 13 [4] Brian Francis Collins v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions (23 March 2004) [5] Council Directive 94/33/EC of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young people at work. [6] Treaty establishing the European Community, ex Article 177 [7]Criminal proceedings against Bernard Keck and Daniel Mithouard (24 November 1993) [8] in the consolidated Treaty the number of the article has become 28 and it will be referred to accordingly [9] Lolivier, Marc (January 1998), op. cit. [10] Stanbrook, Lionel (October 1997), op. cit. [11] idem

The Fantasy of Out of Africa vs. the Reality of Ngugis A Grain of Whea

The Fantasy of Out of Africa vs. the Reality of Ngugi's A Grain of Wheat Both the film and the book versions of Out of Africa portray life in Africa as being a haven for European colonists. In these works, Africa was a beautiful land to move to where the Europeans could live like â€Å"royalty† in a sense. Their money went a lot further, and they could have African servants do all the work and chores for them. These African peoples adored the white settlers, and would peacefully work for them for very low wages. However, this view of Africa during colonial times is not accurate. The Africans did not always adore the Europeans; they were not happy to have their lands taken from them; and they did not usually accept the exploitation peacefully. This point is illustrated, for example, in Ngugi's A Grain of Wheat which reflects on the Mau Mau rebellion which led to the Kenyan independence in 1963. The film Out of Africa creates an Africa where a white person, such as Karen Dinesen, could move to and live happily, for a while anyway. Granted this is a movie, but it is based on the autobiography of Karen Dinesen. The film shows Karen moving to Kenya in about 1913 where she was happily greeted by her many African servants who were awaiting her. With her she has all of her lovely, expensive possessions that go well in her beautiful farmhouse. Karen and the rest of the white colonists are shown to have lives that are all play and no work. They sit about while the servants wait on them hand and foot, or they go out on safaris to see the countryside and wild animals. The image that the audience receives creates a dream world for them. It does not have any indication of violence between the colonists and the Africans. The book Out of ... ...r, it is not entirely realistic in its portrayal of colonialism. Karen Dinesen wrote her story how she wanted to see it. I am sure her life was as she wrote it to be, but I do not think that she took in to account the treatment of the Africans. I do not think that she intended to write of those aspects of colonialism. In my opinion, she want to share with the world the greatness of Africa as she saw it. A Grain of Wheat was written to share with people the violence of the colonialism. The hardships endured by those colonized was meant to be brought out to the audience. These two pieces of literature were written for different reasons: one to show a wealthy white woman’s life in Africa as she saw it, and the other to show the violence brought about by the colonization of Africa. Works Cited Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. (New York: Grove Press)1963.

Ethical Issues in Health Care Finance Essay

The topic of ethical issues in every industry is usually interesting because it attracts a significant number of scholars and professionals to argue. This topic becomes even more interesting when it comes to health care financing. Ethical issues in health care financing begin, when defining human health. Human health is a basic need (Maharaj and Paul, 2011). It does not matter what type of health challenges a person has and whether a person is in a developed country or not. The issue with human health is that, all humans require health appropriate treatment when they need it. However, the health care system seems insatiable when it comes to financing. Health care financing source from an individual occurs at the at the point of delivery otherwise known as fees for services does not seem to have a significant impact in the required health care financing (Hurley, 2001). It is important to leave individuals as entities that pay for healthcare out of financing the health care industry an d concentrate on the government, private agencies such as insurances and donors. The ethical issues in health care financing questions whether the major health care financiers: the government and insurance companies can justify paying for treatment for all human in the country. The argument with health care financing is that governments can pay for high medical technology development in terms of complicated medical equipments and new treatment technologies. It is important to understand that although advanced medical development are in place, there is an issue as to whether individual patients will the able to afford treatment using this advanced technology (Maharaj and Paul, 2011). If individual patients will not afford to use new treatment technologies, then it will be likely that the new advancement in medical technologies are a direct preserves of those with an upper economic advantage. This is contrary to the equity required in the health care system because health is basic need and therefore should be available for all. High cost of medical technological  treatment and a few populations who cannot individually afford for this treatment are not the only issues that raise medical treatment. The insurance industry is the greatest player in the health c are industry. The insurance industry provides medical policies for every eligible citizen. While the insurance arrangement for healthcare financing is justified through the assumption that country men and women are participating in sharing cost in paying up hospital bills. However, there is a crisis with the health insurance, which has raised significant ethical issues. This issues range from existence of different types of policies for different people and the issues that, the insurance company rather than the doctor determines the type of treatment the patient will get because of different categorized policies. Another incidence of inequality sets in even in with the insurance. Just like individual patient might not afford to pay high tech medical treatment at the point of delivery, the same is happening in the insurance industry because insurances now require different policies for different individual (Maharaj and Paul, 2011). These different policies characterize people according to their risk such that, people of high risk pay more premiums that people of low risk. If this policy categorization is justified then there will be a new inequality that will set in. This inequality will arise from those who pay for high premiums and might never have to go to hospital unless an accident occurs. Health care financing will seem to be a long term debate bombarded with ethical issues that take long to solve. These ethical dilemma although exist to offer ready solutions in healthcare financing, the whole issue boils down to whether the current happening in the health care industry offers beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice. Reference Maharaj, S.R. and Paul, TJ. (2011). Ethical Issues in Healthcare Financing. West Indian Medical Journal. 60. (4): 31-44 Hurley, J. (2001). Ethics, economics, and public financing of health care. Journal of Medical Ethics. 27. (4): 234-239.

Wages, Productivity and Employment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 933 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Finance Essay Level High school Tags: Income Inequality Essay Did you like this example? In the fall of 1976, the group ABBA released their hit Money, Money, Money. This song reflects on the working class individual working hard every day for what, to make money and pay the bills, fantasying what it would be like to be the rich man. Money is the driving force of our society and without money what would our world be like. Everyone wants money, everyone works for money, but are we being paid a fair dollar for what we do or is income inequality playing a role in our paycheck? What is the definition of income inequality? Merriam Webster defines income: as a gain or recurrent benefit usually measured in money that derives from capital or labor. Merriam Webster also defines inequality: as the quality of being unequal or uneven, disparity of distribution or opportunity, or the condition of being variable. Combining these two definitions, income inequality may also be defined as the gap between what the CEO earns and the average worker earns working for the same company, the wage difference between a woman employee or a male employee, or the variance in wages of that of a white individual or a black individual. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Wages, Productivity and Employment" essay for you Create order So how does income inequality affect our society? Income inequality affects our society by stereotyping an individual based on their race or sexuality not based on their ability to perform the job. The pressure has always been on corporations to make the most money for the lowest amount of cost. The easiest method for a corporation to cut cost is to adjust the wages of their employees or outsource the jobs to countries that pay a lower wage to their employees. Katalin Botos notes in her article, Effects of Income Inequalities: Society and Economy, Over the past two decades, wages and salaries have stagnated, or actually declined in the US (384). This decline in wages or salaries has caused individuals to fall into a lower class and possibly into a poverty level. Data has shown that Income inequalities have increased extremely in the US in the last quarter of a century (Botos 385). Anne Lowery writes in her article, The Rich Get Richer Through the Recovery, The top 10 percent of earners took more than half of the countrys total income in 2012(Lowery). From 2000 through 2006, the number of Americans living in poverty increased 15 percent.(Income Inequality in America). So is the United States really the land of opportunity or as the saying goes, the rich keep getting richer and the poor keep getting poorer? Katalin Botos writes The American dream that anyone can make it to the top, will remain as it is: a dream (386). Is this how we want our society to be or do we want to improve the gap in the income inequalities? The theory to solving income inequality is that society should pay each individual equally. Society would take the highest wages and the lowest wages coming up with a median wage for each individual. Individuals would be happy because there would be no division between upper class and lower class, each individual would be equal. The downfall of this theory would be the loss of the desire to succeed. Individuals would not strive to achieve a higher goal due to the fact why should they, we all make the same money no matter the job. If everyone makes the same wage there will always be that one employee who puts in 110% effort into a job and another individual who only puts in 50% effort, should they be paid equally? We are then back to inequality between workers because why it is fair for one to be working at 110% and another to be working at a 50% level. Looking into this theory as a society are we able to change this process or is it going to continue to spiral out of control. A policy that could be placed into effect would be that of individuals are paid on their productivity, performance, and knowledge of the job they are doing. Cobb and Flannery state that Firms play a central role in how workers are matched to jobs and how they are rewarded for their labor (331). Productivity would be based on a standardize number or expectation of the job. Performance would include showing up to work, working your assigned schedule, and attitude while at work. An individual would need to know their job, by knowing the job the individual would be able to perform the job correctly and be productive at it. Katalin Botos writes This democratic structure would be the foundation where each individual could get an opportunity to make best use of their capabilities (386). In conclusion, placing this policy of wages based on productivity, performance, and knowledge of the job will assist in rewarding those individuals who want to work and want to get ahead in life allowing those individuals that do not want to work the option not to get ahead. The policy would not be excluding anyone, everyone would be given the opportunity, but it is up to the individual what they choose to do with it. Society still has a difficult task ahead of them attempting to solve the income inequality of the nation. There will be individuals in our world that still believe they are not being paid a fair wage for the work they do and there will be those individuals who are content with what they are making along with doing. As ABBA put it in the last verse of their song All the things I could do, If I had a little money, Its a rich mans world (ABBA).